PompeiiinPictures

Oplontis. Villa di Poppea or Villa of Poppea or Villa Poppaea or Oplontis Villa A.

 

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Jashemski 1978 east of pool: 1978 Jashemski excavations in the area on east side of swimming pool.

 

Oplontis, 1978. Area 92, Wilhelmina studying the items on the south side of pool. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0051

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978.

Area 92, Wilhelmina studying the objects on the south side of pool, in their original location. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

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Oplontis, 1978. Wilhelmina studying the large crater vase. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0052

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Wilhelmina studying the large crater vase fountain. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

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Oplontis, 1978. Large crater fountain vase positioned in the centre of the south side of the pool. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0048 According to Wilhelmina, “We were delighted to see they had discovered the base of the beautiful marble crater fountain in a small pool in the garden area on the south side of the swimming pool where the crater had been originally located. We had admired the fountain on a previous trip, for it had been found earlier, in the rear portico of the villa where it had been stored, possibly after the earthquake.” See Jashemski, W.F., 2014. Discovering the Gardens of Pompeii: Memoirs of a Garden Archaeologist, (p.263). According to Wilhelmina, “the base of the large crater fountain was found in fragments in passage 53, where it had been stored at the time of the eruption”. See Jashemski, W. F., 1993. The Gardens of Pompeii, Volume II: Appendices. New York: Caratzas. (p.298).

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Large crater fountain vase positioned in the centre of the south side of the pool. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

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According to Wilhelmina, “We were delighted to see they had discovered the base of the beautiful marble crater fountain in a small pool in the garden area on the south side of the swimming pool where the crater had been originally located. We had admired the fountain on a previous trip, for it had been found earlier, in the rear portico of the villa where it had been stored, possibly after the earthquake.”

See Jashemski, W.F., 2014. Discovering the Gardens of Pompeii: Memoirs of a Garden Archaeologist, (p.263).

According to Wilhelmina, “the base of the large crater fountain was found in fragments in passage 53, where it had been stored at the time of the eruption”.

See Jashemski, W. F., 1993. The Gardens of Pompeii, Volume II: Appendices. New York: Caratzas. (p.298).

 

Oplontis, 1978. Marble group of hermaphrodite and a faun, also recently discovered on the south side of the pool. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0050

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978.

Marble group of hermaphrodite and a faun, also recently discovered on the south side of the pool. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

J78f0050

 

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Detail from marble statue of hermaphrodite and faun. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0053 SAP inventory number 72800.

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Detail from marble statue of hermaphrodite and faun. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

J78f0053

SAP inventory number 72800.

 

Oplontis, 1978. Detail of hermaphrodite. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0063

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Detail of hermaphrodite. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

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Oplontis, 1978. Area 92, the south-east side of the swimming pool, looking south. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0045

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Area 92, the south-east side of the swimming pool, looking south. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

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Oplontis 1978. Area 92, marble statue of the ephebos laying on the lapilli at the side of the swimming pool. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0044

Oplontis 1978. Area 92, marble statue of the ephebos laying on the lapilli at the side of the swimming pool. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

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Oplontis, 1978. The statue of an ephebos re-united with his head. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0046

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. The statue of an ephebos re-united with his head. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

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Oplontis, 1978. Area 92, looking south at east end of the pool. A herm of Hercules and the statue of an ephebos are standing on their original bases. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0057

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Area 92, looking south at east end of the pool.

A herm of Hercules and the statue of an ephebos are standing on their original bases. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

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Oplontis Villa of Poppea, c.1978. Herm of Hercules. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. Oplo0111 SAP inventory number 72742.

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, c.1978. Herm of Hercules. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

Oplo0111

SAP inventory number 72742.

 

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978.Statue of an ephebos on its original base. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0075 SAP inventory number 72818.

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978.

Statue of an ephebos on its original base. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

J78f0075

SAP inventory number 72818.

 

Oplontis, 1978. Detail of the ephebos. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0070

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Detail of the ephebos. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

J78f0070

 

Oplontis, 1978. Statue of Nike (Victory) being carried to its original location beside the pool. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0059

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978.

Statue of Nike (Victory), suspended from two long wooden poles, being carried to its original location beside the pool. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

J78f0059

 

Oplontis, 1978. Statue of Nike being placed on its original base. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0060

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Statue of Nike being placed on its original base. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

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Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Statue of Nike (Victory) in position on its base. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0073 SAP inventory number 72798.

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Statue of Nike (Victory) in position on its base. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

J78f0073

SAP inventory number 72798.

 

Oplontis, 1978. Detail of head of Nike, from south side. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0074

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Detail of head of Nike, from south side. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

J78f0074

 

Oplontis, 1978. Looking towards the south-east corner of the pool, with statues in their positions. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0061

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978.

Looking towards the south-east corner of the pool, with statues in their original positions. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

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Oplontis, 1978. Area 92, looking north-east across pool, with statues in their original places. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0076

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Area 92, looking north-east across pool, with statues in their original places. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

J78f0076

 

Oplontis, 1978. Area 92, looking south during excavations in pool. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0056

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Area 92, looking south during excavations in pool. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

J78f0056

 

Oplontis, 1978. Looking south along east side of pool. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0080

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Looking south along east side of pool. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

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Oplontis, 1978. Looking east into unexcavated. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0082

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Area 92, looking east across pool, into still unexcavated. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

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Oplontis, 1978. Looking west from above pool, towards new roof over rooms on east side of north garden. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0143

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978.

Looking west from above pool, towards new roof over rooms on east side of north garden. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

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Oplontis, 1978. Area 92, looking south-west across pool, without its statues. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0144

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Area 92, looking south-west across pool, without its statues. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

J78f0144

 

Oplontis, 1978. Area 92, looking north-west across pool. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0145

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Area 92, looking north-west across pool. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

J78f0145

 

Oplontis, 1978. Area 92, looking south along east side of pool. The Scavi workmen had removed much of the lapilli, now the remaining was carefully being removed. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0251 According to Wilhelmina, “during this summer we did our first excavating in the south part of the area on the east side of the large swimming pool. It was here they had found the statues of the ephebos, Nike and Hercules which were displayed on their bases. Five other statue bases were found, but without statues”. See Jashemski, W.F., 2014. Discovering the Gardens of Pompeii: Memoirs of a Garden Archaeologist, (p.265).

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Area 92, looking south along east side of pool.

The Scavi workmen had removed much of the lapilli, now the remaining was carefully being removed. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

J78f0251

According to Wilhelmina, “during this summer we did our first excavating in the south part of the area on the east side of the large swimming pool.

It was here they had found the statues of the ephebos, Nike and Hercules which were displayed on their bases.

Five other statue bases were found, but without statues”.

See Jashemski, W.F., 2014. Discovering the Gardens of Pompeii: Memoirs of a Garden Archaeologist, (p.265).

 

Oplontis, 1978. Finding of statue bases, and cavities at the rear, filled with lapilli. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0254

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Finding of statue base and cavity at the rear, filled with lapilli. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

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Oplontis, 1978. Removing the lapilli down to the original soil level, and finding a line of statue bases. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0255

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Removing the lapilli down to the original soil level, and finding a line of statue bases. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

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Oplontis, 1978. Cleaning the root-cavity at the rear of the statue base. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0260

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Cleaning the root-cavity at the rear of the statue base. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

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Oplontis, 1978. Small finds in the lapilli. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0289

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Small finds in the lapilli. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

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Oplontis, 1978. Area 92, looking north along east side of pool. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0297

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Area 92, looking north along east side of pool. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

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Oplontis, 1978. Digging out a root cavity found behind a statue base. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0301 According to Wilhelmina, “We were delighted to find root cavities behind each statue base. Those behind statue base one, two, four and five, counting from the south were of large trees. Behind statue base VI, the root cavity was identified as an oleander.” See Jashemski, W.F., 2014. Discovering the Gardens of Pompeii: Memoirs of a Garden Archaeologist, (p.266).

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Digging out a root cavity found behind a statue base. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

J78f0301

According to Wilhelmina, “We were delighted to find root cavities behind each statue base.

Those behind statue base one, two, four and five, counting from the south were of large trees. Behind statue base VI, the root cavity was identified as an oleander.”

See Jashemski, W.F., 2014. Discovering the Gardens of Pompeii: Memoirs of a Garden Archaeologist, (p.266).

 

Oplontis, 1978. Looking north along east side of pool, showing the enormous task of excavating in a “quarry”. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0315

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978.

Looking north along east side of pool, showing the enormous task of excavating in a “quarry”. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

J78f0315

 

Oplontis, 1978. Looking north along east side of pool, with row of statue bases. Seven are clear of the lapilli, the eighth is still enclosed. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0339

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Looking north along east side of pool, with row of statue bases.

Seven are clear of the lapilli, the eighth is still enclosed. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

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Oplontis, 1978. Statue base I, and root cavity. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0340

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Statue base one and root cavity. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

J78f0340

 

Oplontis, 1978. Root cavity behind statue base I. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0341

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Root cavity behind statue base one. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

J78f0341

 

Oplontis, 1978. Looking north along east side of poo, and towards statue base II, and root-cavity. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0346

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Looking north along east side of pool, and towards statue base two, and root-cavity. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

J78f0346

 

Oplontis, 1978. Statue base II, and root cavity. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0342

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Statue base two, and root cavity at its rear. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

J78f0342

 

Oplontis, 1978. Root cavity behind statue base II. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0343

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Root cavity behind statue base two. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

J78f0343

According to Wilhelmina, “Those behind statue base one, two, four and five, counting from the south were of large trees.

Behind statue base six, the root cavity was identified as an oleander.”

See Jashemski, W.F., 2014. Discovering the Gardens of Pompeii: Memoirs of a Garden Archaeologist, (p.266).

 

Oplontis, 1978. Statue base III, which would have had the Herm of Hercules on its top. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0347

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Statue base three, which would have had the Herm of Hercules on its top. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

J78f0347

 

Oplontis, 1978. Statue base IV, and its root cavity. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0348

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Statue base four, and its root cavity. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

J78f0348

 

Oplontis, 1978. Root cavity behind statue base IV. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0349

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Root cavity behind statue base four. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

J78f0349

 

Oplontis, 1978. Statue base V, and the root cavity at its rear. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0354

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Statue base five, and the root cavity at its rear. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

J78f0354

 

Oplontis, 1978. Cleaned root cavity. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0306

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Cleaned root cavity at rear of statue base five. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

J78f0306

 

Oplontis, 1978. Another root cavity, behind a statue base, but still under the unexcavated lapilli. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0312

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978.

Cleaning another root cavity, behind statue base six, but still under the unexcavated lapilli. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

J78f0312

 

Oplontis, 1978. Root cavity behind a base, under the unexcavated lapilli. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0314

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Root cavity behind statue base six, under the unexcavated lapilli. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

J78f0314

 

Oplontis, 1978. Statue base VI. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0355 According to Wilhelmina, “Those behind statue base one, two, four and five, counting from the south were of large trees. Behind statue base VI, the root cavity was identified as an oleander.” See Jashemski, W.F., 2014. Discovering the Gardens of Pompeii: Memoirs of a Garden Archaeologist, (p.266).

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Statue base six. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

J78f0355

According to Wilhelmina, “Those behind statue base one, two, four and five, counting from the south were of large trees.

Behind statue base six, the root cavity was identified as an oleander.”

See Jashemski, W.F., 2014. Discovering the Gardens of Pompeii: Memoirs of a Garden Archaeologist, (p.266).

 

Oplontis, 1978. Finding another root cavity, at the rear statue base VII still in the lapilli. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0319

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Finding another root cavity, at the rear statue base seven can be seen still in the lapilli. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

J78f0319

 

Oplontis, 1978. Area 92, east side of pool. Statue base VII, still enclosed in its lapilli. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0356

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Area 92, east side of pool. Statue base seven, still enclosed in its lapilli. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

J78f0356

 

Jashemski 1978 excavations room 59: Area 59, the south-east peristyle garden (see also 1977 excavations).

 

Oplontis, 1977. Area 59, Looking south-east from west portico. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J77f0322

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1977. Area 59, Looking south-east from west portico. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

J77f0322

According to Wilhelmina “We also spent considerable time working in the south-east peristyle garden

We had previously (see 1977 excavations) found two rows of roots near the columns of the portico that enclosed three sides of the garden.

When we cleaned the lapilli from the root cavities, we found that in many of the locations the plants had been started in pots with four holes, similar to the ones found in several gardens at Pompeii.

In 1978, when we carefully removed the soil around each pot, we found why we had not found many of the pots previously: the cavity did not come into contact with the pot. The pots appeared to have been broken before the plants were placed in the ground, and part or all of some of the pots had apparently dropped off before planting, and that was why not all the fragments were found in each location.

 

Most surprising this year was the discovery of a second pot in almost every location in the inner row next to the columns.

The pots were not placed with their bases standing firmly in the ground, as were the first pots, but were placed somewhat aslant, each one pointing towards a column.

Our first explanation was that these pots had contained plants that were no longer growing at the time of the eruption, for we found no root cavities filled with lapilli.

But when we removed the intact pots still full of soil, we discovered in each of them, at opposite edges of the rim, two tiny root cavities that reached to the bottom of the pot.

 

The experts agreed that the fact they had been started in pots pointed to the fact they were evergreen, and the root cavities may indeed have been lemons, or citrons, which would have been transported in pots with four holes as breathing holes for their roots.

The size of the root cavities indicated that the plants would have been started after the earthquake of AD62.

The villa had suffered severe earthquake damage, and was still in the process of being rebuilt, but the ancient owners had given the highest priority to the replanting of their garden.

 

The problem of identifying the plants grown in the second pot found in front of almost every column in the row next to the portico, is also difficult to solve.

The small size of the cavities and the fact that these pots pointed towards the columns suggest that a climbing plant had been trained onto the columns.

The ancient Romans had few climbing ornamental plants, but Ivy was widely used. Perhaps in this villa ivy was trained between the columns forming living garlands.”

See Jashemski, W.F., 2014. Discovering the Gardens of Pompeii: Memoirs of a Garden Archaeologist, (p.266-7)

 

Oplontis, May 2011. Area 59, the south-east peristyle. Looking north along west portico, with terracotta pots planted with Ivy. These terracotta pots have been replanted in exactly the same place as Wilhelmina Jashemski discovered original pots buried in the soil. (See Jashemski Excavations, 1978) She thought the pots may have been planted there to encourage climbers to grow up the columns. She thought Ivy was the most probable plant, as Roman gardeners did not have a great choice of climbers. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, May 2011.

Area 59, the south-east peristyle. Looking north along west portico, with terracotta pots planted with Ivy. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

These terracotta pots have been replanted in exactly the same place as Wilhelmina Jashemski discovered original pots buried in the soil.

(See Jashemski Excavations, 1978)

She thought the pots may have been planted there to encourage climbers to grow up the columns.

She thought Ivy was the most probable plant, as Roman gardeners did not have a great choice of climbers.

 

Oplontis, 1978. Root cavities found buried in pots at the edge of the portico, in front of a column. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0661

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Root cavities found buried in pots at the edge of the portico, in front of a column. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

J78f0661

 

Oplontis, 1978. Filled root cavities growing in buried pots. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0649

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Filled root cavities growing in buried pots. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

J78f0649

 

Oplontis, 1978. Filled root-cavity with buried pot below, in front of a column. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0657

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Filled root-cavity with buried pot below, in front of a column. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

J78f0657

 

Oplontis, 1978. Buried pot. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0654

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Buried pot. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

J78f0654

 

Oplontis, 1978. Two buried pots in front of a column. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0662

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Two buried pots in front of a column. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

J78f0662

 

Oplontis, 1978. Detail of the two broken buried pots but with no root cavities. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0655

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Detail of the two broken buried pots but with no root cavities. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

J78f0655

 

Oplontis, 1978. Two buried pots. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0658

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Two buried pots. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

J78f0658

 

Oplontis, 1978. Detail of two buried pots, one upright, the other planted slanting towards a column of the portico. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0656

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978.

Detail of two buried pots, one upright, the other planted slanting towards a column of the portico. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

J78f0656

 

Oplontis, 1978. Filled root cavities and a buried pot. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0660

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Filled root cavities and a buried pot, in front of a column. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

J78f0660

 

Oplontis, 1978. Filled root cavities at corner of portico. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0666

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Filled root cavities at corner of portico. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

J78f0666

 

Oplontis, 1978. Filled root cavity, with second slanting pot. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0669

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Filled root cavity, with second slanting pot. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

J78f0669

 

Oplontis, 1978. Two filled root-cavities, and fragment of broken pot on the edge of the portico. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski. Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details. J78f0670

Oplontis Villa of Poppea, 1978. Two filled root-cavities, and fragment of broken pot on the edge of the portico. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

J78f0670

 

 

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The low resolution pictures on this site are copyright © of Jackie and Bob Dunn and MAY NOT IN ANY CIRCUMSTANCES BE USED FOR GAIN OR REWARD COMMERCIALLY. On concession of the Ministero della Cultura - Parco Archeologico di Pompei. It is declared that no reproduction or duplication can be considered legitimate without the written authorization of the Parco Archeologico di Pompei.

Le immagini fotografiche a bassa risoluzione pubblicate su questo web site sono copyright © di Jackie e Bob Dunn E NON POSSONO ESSERE UTILIZZATE, IN ALCUNA CIRCOSTANZA, PER GUADAGNO O RICOMPENSA COMMERCIALMENTE. Su concessione del Ministero della Cultura - Parco Archeologico di Pompei. Si comunica che nessun riproduzione o duplicazione può considerarsi legittimo senza l'autorizzazione scritta del Parco Archeologico di Pompei.

Ultimo aggiornamento - Last updated: 13-Oct-2021 16:01